1. What is SDLC?
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a systematic process for planning, creating, testing, deploying, and maintaining software. It defines the phases and tasks required to develop high-quality software.
2. Explain the different phases of SDLC.
SDLC consists of several phases: Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance. Each phase has specific tasks and goals to ensure the successful development of software.
3. What is the importance of the SDLC process?
Following are some of the points that briefly describes the importance of the SDLC process:
- It explains why project planning, scheduling, and budgeting are necessary.
- It allows for some control over the development process in order to guarantee that the final product meets the original criteria.
- It provides a structure for a standard set of projects and deliverables.
- It helps in the growth process by increasing the visibility of project planning to all involved parties.
- It assures that the design and testing processes that lead to a solution's release are good and well-managed.
- It is the most effective method for project management and tracking.
- It aids in the acceleration of development and the improvement of client relationships.
- It aids in the reduction of project risk and overhead in the project administration plan.
4. What is a Feasibility Study?
As the name implies, a feasibility study is an analysis or measurement of a software product in terms of how advantageous product development will be for the business in terms of practicality. It determines whether the project is legally, technically, and commercially feasible.
5. Which SDLC model is best and Why?
According to the annual State of Agile report, Agile is the best SDLC methodology and also one of the most widely utilised SDLC in the IT industry. Unlike other predictive approaches, the adaptive agile methodology does not necessitate comprehensive preparation. If a change is required, it can be made during the sprint. It's ideal for projects that require a lot of customer involvement and projects that have a constantly changing environment.
6. What are the advantages of the SDLC process?
At the end of each stage, a formal review is established to provide for maximum management oversight. SDLC aids in the creation of extensive system documentation. This guarantees that system needs can be linked to specified business goals. It generates a large number of intermediate products that may be evaluated to see if they fit the user's requirements and adhere to industry standards. These can be improved further if necessary, ensuring that the company receives exactly what it requires.
7. What are the disadvantages of the SDLC process?
Before you begin, make sure you understand all of the details of the project. During the development phase, there was a lot of paperwork. It is difficult to alter or change due to a lack of flexibility. If the planning isn't done properly, the project will take longer and cost more. When there are a lot of flaws in the code, fixing them can take a long time and cause deadlines to be missed.
8. Explain HLD.
It refers to the general design of the system. It describes the application's overall description and architecture. It includes a system architecture description, database design, a brief overview of systems, services, platforms, and module relationships. From the primary module to all submodules, it creates the overall architecture of the system. Architects will provide the High-Level Design in order to begin the development process. This is quite helpful for developers in comprehending the system's flow.
9. Explain LLD.
LLD (Low-LevelLevel Design) is a term that refers to the process of detailing. It provides a full description of each module, including actual logic for each system component and a thorough examination of each module's specifications. Every program undergoes logic design, which is subsequently recorded as program specifications. A unit test plan is prepared for each software. The micro-level or intricate design is another name for it. After the High-Level Design, the Low-Level Design is created.
10. What is the use of JAD session?
JAD is a strategy for defining business system requirements that are commonly utilised in the early phases of a systems development project. JAD's goal is to bring MIS and end-users together in a structured workshop setting in order to extract outcome system needs. It allows clients and developers to swiftly agree on a project's fundamental scope, objectives, and specifications.
11. What is the Software release process?
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) release phase is historically connected with production, deployment, and post-production operations, which generally include software maintenance and support. So, release management is the process of managing, planning, scheduling, and controlling a full software development at every stage and environment, including testing and releasing software releases.
12. What is FRS document?
This document captures the user's voice from the outside, or the end user's perspective. A Business System Analyst creates it (BSA). This paper demonstrates how a system will react when a user interacts with it in order to meet the BRD and SRD standards. The key area of interest for software experts is the Functional Requirement Specification (FRS). An FRS is useful for software testers to learn the situations in which the product is intended to be tested, just as it is for developers to understand what product they are planning to produce. An FRS's ultimate purpose is to meet all of the requirements outlined in the SRS and BRS regulations.
13. What are different types of prototype model?
There are four types of Prototyping models:
- Rapid Throwaway prototypes.
- Evolutionary prototype.
- Incremental prototype.
- Extreme prototype.
14. How can DDLC and SDLC work together?
The DDLC (Documentation Development Life Cycle) is a software documentation development life cycle used by technical documenters to prepare software documentation. The life cycle is followed in tandem with the SDLC, as testers and developers work on the programme at the same time. Because the documentation requires input and feedback from the various phases of the SDLC, the DDLC has stages that are comparable to the SDLC.
15. What is Level-0 DFD?
Context Diagram is another name for DFD Level 0. It's a high-level overview of the entire system or process that's being studied or modelled. It's meant to be a quick peek into the system, displaying it as a single high-level process with its connections to external entities. Stakeholders, business analysts, data analysts, and developers should all be able to understand it readily.
16. What are Capability Maturity Model(CMM) levels?
Following are the five Capability Maturity Model Levels:
- Initial: The first step is to create an unstable process environment. The software development process is considered haphazard and even chaotic at times. There are few methods that have been specified, and success is based on individual effort and heroism.
- Repeatable: Work is planned and monitored, making it repeatable. To track cost, schedule, and functionality, basic project management techniques are implemented.
- Defined: This level encompasses written and defined standards that evolve over time and support consistent performance. The work is well defined at this point.
- Managed: Extensive data on the software development process and product quality are gathered. Both the software development process and the end products are quantified and managed.
- Optimized: Work is based on continuous improvement (optimization). The focus on continuously improving process performance is a significant feature of this level.
17. Briefly explain Scrum methodology in the Agile model.
Scrum is an agile development approach based on iterative and incremental procedures that are used in the creation of software. It's an agile structure that's adaptable, rapid, flexible, and excellent at delivering value to customers throughout the project's development. Companies of all sizes employ the Agile Scrum technique because of its ability to provide high-end cooperation and efficiency for project-based work. Scrum is a sort of agile approach that breaks projects down into manageable parts known as "sprints." The Agile Scrum methodology is ideal for companies who need to complete projects fast.
18. What do you know about Scrum impediments?
Obstacles or challenges that the scrum team faces slow down their work speed are referred to as impediments. An obstacle is anything that tries to prevent the scrum team from getting work "Done." Impediments can take many different forms. Some of the roadblocks include resource shortages or sick team members, technical, operational, and organisational issues, a lack of management support systems, and business issues.
19. What do a Software Project Manager's responsibilities entail?
The Software Project Manager is in charge of seeing the project through to completion. The Software Project Manager is responsible for ensuring that the entire team follows a methodical and well-defined approach to software development. They also handle project planning, tracking project status, resource management, and risk management.
20. What is Software Configuration Management, and how does it work?
The process of tracking and regulating changes that occur during the software development lifecycle is known as software configuration management. Any modification made during the development of software must be tracked using a well-defined and controlled process. Any modifications performed during software development are regulated through a well-defined process, thanks to configuration management. Revision control and the establishment of baselines are two SCM procedures.
21. List Top SDLC tools.
- Jira: This software is intended to make workflow management easier for a wide range of groups. Jira was created with the intention of being a simple system for recording tasks and errors. However, it has since matured into a robust workflow management solution.
- Git is a distributed version management system that is open-source. Developers aiming to examine changes and contributions to the overall code might considerably benefit from a version control system or VCS. This software customisation management tool is an important part of the SDLC.
- Confluence: During this stage, Confluence is a wonderful tool for developing product research docs and sharing design assets.
- Asana: From daily activities to larger projects, Asana assists teams in orchestrating their work. Teams are more confident, move faster, and accomplish more with less when they use Asana, regardless of where they are based.
23. What is the main aim of prototyping?
It mainly offers a mini-model of the proposed system.
24. Differentiate between quality assurance and quality control?
- Quality Assurance ensures that the software delivered has the fewest possible defects. Quality Control is the process of ensuring that a product's quality is maintained over time.
- Quality Assurance is handled by the project's testing team, whereas Quality Control is handled by a dedicated support team that is accountable for the product's quality even if it is in the maintenance phase of software engineering.
25. Code Snippet: Sample SDLC Planning
// Example SDLC Planning Phase
1. Define project scope and objectives.
2. Identify project stakeholders.
3. Create a project plan with timelines.
4. Allocate resources and set budgets.